DRUGS ABUSE IN AFRICA BROUGHT MANY PROBLEM WHICH HINDERING THE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA

Apart from cannabis abuse in northern and southern Africa and khat chewing in north-eastern Africa, the history of drug abuse in Africa is relatively short. The abuse of drugs in Africa is nevertheless escalating rapidly from cannabis abuse to the more dangerous drugs and from limited groups of drug users to a wider range of people abusing drugs. The most common and available drug of abuse is still cannabis, which is known to be a contributing factor to the occurrence of a schizophrenic-like psychosis. The trafficking in and abuse of cocaine and heroin are the most recent developments in some African countries that had had no previous experience with these drugs. Efforts should be made to design and implement drug abuse assessment programmes to determine the real magnitude and characteristics of the problem and to monitor its trends. A lack of funds and a shortage of adequately trained personnel have made it difficult to implement drug abuse control programmes. In addition to formal drug control involving the implementation of legislation, there is an informal system of drug abuse control operating through the family, church, school, neighbourhood and work environment, as well as healthy recreational activities. It is suggested that efforts in African countries should be directed towards strengthening not only the formal drug control system but also informal control in order to compensate for the insufficient funds and the shortage of personnel trained in implementing formal drug control measures. It is very likely that the drug problems in African countries will worsen in future unless more effective measures are implemented to arrest the current situation.
The rise of injecting drug use in east Africa: a case study from Kenya
Studies on injecting drug use in East Africa are reviewed. The existingstudies document the spread of heroin injection in Kenya and Tanzania, both countries where HIV rates are high. No data from Uganda on injecting drug use was found by the authors. A case study of the growth of heroin injection in a Kenyan coastal town is presented. The need for needle-exchange programmes and other prevention services is discussed.  lthough bearing the brunt of the AIDS epidemic, Africa has long been considered largely free of injection drug use. Notwithstanding the assessments of the UN International Drug Control Programme  1, international organisations have been slow to recognise either the spread of heroin use in Kenya or the existence of injection drug use. The largely unheeded spread of injection drug use in East Africa has wide implications for public health in the region. Injection drug users (IDU) are a 'high risk' or 'core group' for HIV infection. Many IDU share needles and syringes as well as having unprotected sex, and have been identified as a 'bridging population', speeding the spread of HIV to the general population [and .

Heroin injection now appears to be occurring in most large towns of Kenya and Tanzania. A study of 336 heroin users in Nairobi, Kenya found that 44.9% were, or had been, injectors  Of 101 current injectors, 52.5% were HIV positive. 

SHORT UPDATED HISTOTY OF LITI TENGERU ARUSHA ( CHUO CHA MIFUGO ARUSHA) NA MIUNDO MBINU

Chuo cha mifugo Tengeru na vyuo vingine vya mifugo kwasasa vimebadili mfumo na kuwa mfumo wa chuo
kimoja chenye matawi yaani CAMPUS  pia imebadili jina na sasa chuo cha mifugo tengeru kinatambulika kama LITA yaani Livestock Training Agency TENGERU Campus. mfumo huu unalengo la kujaribu kuboresha zaidi mfumo wa vyuo vya mifugo Tanzania. Ni jambo zuri kuweka mfumo kama huo japo mwanzo utakuwa mgumu hasa kwa mfumo wa mitihani na ufundishaji kutoka term hadi semester ambayo ukifeli katika semester husika unakuwa umediscolify (DISCO) Na hii binafsi ninawasiwasi sana na serikali kupata hasara kwa wale ambao wanasoma kwa kutegemea sponsor kutoka serikalini kwani inapotokea wamefeli kama watu 20 au zaidi jambo ambalo linawezekana kutokana na idadi ya wanafunzi ilhali washalipa ada yake halafu anarudi nyumbani sifuri. sina uhakika sana lakini tuombe MUNGU yasiwakute wahusikahawa.

Haya yameonezwa na Steven Mruma Mmiliki wa Blog hii.

sasa Endelea na story iliopita
Tengeru veterinary college campus is the oldest and many graduates Moving THAT WITH THE LEVEL OF VARIOUS Academics diplomas and certificates in general ME AS I AM VERY few days ago that I have lived Tengeru ie college has found it much AND IN THIS AND SURE There are many beautiful are college VERY GOOD AND VERY GOOD SERVICE Moving There. In terms of Infrastructure University College Tengeru DEEPER STRUCTURES AND VERY good strategy although there are infrastructure TRADITIONS THAT THERE IS VERY serious defects in terms of the toilets I have read I GALANOS SCHOOL FOR BOYS AND TANGA passed VARIOUS SCHOOLS IN THE TRADITIONS OF CUT in college toilets Tengeru  is very dirty and idont know why because anm strange some how in this area. Although I sought only a short time without seeing sUCCESS FOR HEALTH MINISTER FOR LONG-TERM Academy toilets LONG BUT THIS IS ALL very dirty and it sounds BAD ODOUR AND NOR NO ACTION IF ANY that I have seen the college administration , 

thou and is in contact STRATEGY AND CHARACTERS TO KNOW fate of cleaner in the toilets while in other situations Hygiene is good. every good thing the band does not have defects Gaps SO defects of contamination may fade as the toilets is possible if we clean up the college should be WHO STATUS STATUS toilets clean Tengeru NOT REALLY DIFFERENT AND ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RURAL Ward ....
  INCLUDING THE IMPROVEMENT Tengeru. together forever.

 kwa msaada wa marafiki hapa inakujia kwa kiswahili 

huo cha mifugo tengeru ni chuo kikongwe NA AMBACHO  KIKITOA WAHITIMU WENGI WENYE TAALUMA MBALIMBALI KATIKA NGAZI YA DIPLOMA NA CHETI KWA UJUMLA WAKE MIMI KAMA MIMI KWA SIKU CHACHE SANA AMBAZO NIMEISHI TENGERU YAANI HAPA CHUONI NIMEKUTANA NA MAMBO MENGI SANA NA KATIKA HILI YAPO MAZURI MENGI NA HAKIKA NI CHUO BORA KABISA NA KIMEKUWA KIKITOA HUDUMA NZURI SANA. 

would like to thank FOR PARTICIPANTS IN THE FUNERALS OF MY BROTHERS

IMAGES OF MY BROTHERS late LAWRENCE.

BAADHI YA WAOMBOLEZAJI AKIWEMO MAMA YANGU ALIEBEBA MTOTO

  AMBYE PIA NI MDOGO WANGU

TAREHE 24 AGOST MWAKA HUU NILIPATA MSIBA KWA KUFIWA  NA KAKA YANGU NA ALIZIKWA TAREHE 25 AGOSTI jioni YA JIONI NA KIFO CHA KAKA YANGU HUYO KILIKUWA NI CHA GHAFLA SANA KIASI KWAMBA NILIHISI KUCHANGANYIKIWA KWANI NILIONGEA NA KAKA KWA SIMU USIKU WA TAREHE 23 MPAKA SAA 4:00 USIKU AKIWA MZIMA NA WALA HAKUSEMA KAMA ANA TATIZO NA tulizungumza MENGI SANA ILA CHA KUSHANGAZA ASUBUHI  iliofatia YAANI TAREHE 24. SAA 10:OO  ALFAJIRI NILIPIGIWA SIMU KUWA KAKA YAKO AMEFARIKI SIKUAMINI NA NILIHISI LABDA NIPO NDOTONI LAKINI WINGI WA SIMU ZILIZOINGIA ZILINIFANYA NIAMINI KUWA KAKA YANGU AMEFARIKI DUNIA.
NILIKUWA ARUSHA NA ILINILAZIMU KURUDI NYUMBANI KWA AJILI YA MAZISHI YA KAKA YANGU KIPENZI AMBAE ALIZALIWA TAREHE 22.12.1982 NA AMBAE AMEACHA WATOTO WAWILI TENA WAKIWA NI WADOGO SANA CHINI YA MIAKA MINNE KWANI KILA MMOJA ANA MAMA YAKE.

rest in peace brother

WAKATI WA UHAI WAKE MAREHEMU ALIKUWA NI NGUZO KUBWA SANAKWAMAISHA YANGU KWANI WAKATI NASOMANILIKUA NAISHI NAE MAISHA YA KIGETO ZAIDI YA MIAKAMITATU NA ALIKUA MHIMILI MKUBWA SAN NA KIFO CHAKE KILIKUWA NI CHA GHAFLA KIASI KWAMBA NILIHISI KUCHANGANYIKIWA KWANI KAKA YANGU HUYO HAKUUGUA HATA KIDOGO NA WALA HAKUSEMA KAKAALIKUWA NA TATIZOKWANI ALIKUWA AKIFANYA KAZI ZAKE AKIWA NA AFYA NZURI KABISA. MPAKASASA KIFOCHA KAKA YANGU HUYO BADO NI KITENDAWILI AMBACHO HAKINA JIBU NATUMEAMUA KAMA FAMILIA TUMWACHIE MUNGU NA TUAMINIKUWA YOTE YANAFANYWA NA MUNGU NA MUNGU ALIMPENDA ZAIDI YETU NDIO MANA ALIAMUA KUNCHUKUA KWA HERI KABISA. NA HIVYO NDIVYO NGUZO YA KAKA YANGU ULIVYOANGUKA TENA IKIWA BADO NAIHITAJI KWANI KATIKA KUZALIWA KATIKA FAMILIA YETU ALIKUWA WAKWANZA NA KISHA KUFUATIWA NA WADADA WAWILI MAGE NA ANNA KISHA NIKAZALIWA MIMINA KUNA WADOGO ZANGU WAKIUME TENA WAWILI MAMBAO BADO NAO NIWADOGO SANA. NA KWANIA NJEMAWAPO WENGI SANA AMBAO WALISHIRIKI KWA NAMNA MOJA AMA NYINGINE KATIKA MAZISHI YA KAKA YANGU NA WALIKUWA NA MIMIKATIKA KIPINDI HIKI KIGUMU SANA CHA MSIBA WA KAKA YANGU AMBAO BADO UMEENDELEAKUNIATHIRI KISAIKOLOJIA KUTOKANA NA UGHAFLA WAKE SIWEZI KUTAJA MAJINA YAO WOTE ILA KWA UCHACHE KUNA MASHANGO KIBWANA MAJID AMBAE ALIKUWA NA MIMI BEGA KWA BEGA MUSSA QADARI, RASUL SANDALA, SEFU, MWARABU NK.

KITANDA CHA AMANI ALICHO LALA KAKA

WOTE KWA PAMOJA NAZIDIKUTOA SHUKRANI ZANGU ZA DHATIKUTOKAKATIKA FAMILIA YA MRUMA. MUNGU AWABARIKI KWANI SAFARI NI YETU WOTE NA MWENZETU AMETANGULIA SISI TUPO NYUMA YAKE. BWANA AMETOA NA BWANA AMETWAA JINALAKE LIHIMIDIWE. AMEN

TANZANIA TOURISM AND ITS BENEFITS FOR VISITORS AND COUNTRY OVERALL

zanzibar beach

Tanzania country with a lot of tourist attractions and in some centers that I have visited a lot of amazing things recently and I have witnessed many things bagamoyo including historic buildings which slaves were kept, etc.. but I also get to witness Amboni caves where there also are signs of such conditions on a fountain of hot water, a symbol of the human foot, pictures of the shapes of symbols like the lion ships and even the genital area of humans. and many other things I also fortunate to Manyara, where I also saw things very much astonished at thee lion riding on trees and see the giraffes and so many animals. 
I also go witnessing goals birds are found in abundance here tanzania flight of flamingos, which are also found in Manyara. My trip is still very great, although I am in Arusha school first, but I leave I look ten Selous and Katavi also to witness a lot more to see and appreciate the heritage of a Tanzanian.Maisha ya Watanzania wa leo na vizazi vijavyo, yanategemea maliasili ya nchi. Tanzania imebahatika kuwa na rasilimali nyingi ikiwemo misitu, wanyamapori, mito, maziwa na maeneo kinamasi. Rasilimali hii ni muhimu kwa utoaji wa huduma kiuchumi na kijamii. Kufifisha rasilimali hii ni kuharibu mazingira endelevu ya shughuli za kiuchumi. habari hii itaendelea baada ya utafiti na kujaribu kutembelea sehemu husika hivi karibuni itakuwa tayari.

HISTORY OF FIDEL CASTRO FOMAL PRESIDENT OF CUBA.

Fidel Castro was born on 13 August 1926 in the south-eastern Oriente Province of Cuba. He was the son of a successful sugar planter. Castro studied law at the University of Havana. He intended to run in elections scheduled for 1952, but the government was overthrown by General Fulgencio Batista and the elections cancelled. Castro rejected democracy and declared himself in favour of armed revolution. In 1953, Castro and his brother Raúl led an unsuccessful rising against Batista and Castro was sentenced to 15 years in prison. He was released under an amnesty and fled to Mexico, where he was joined by an Argentinean Marxist Ernesto 'Che' Guevara.

In 1956, Castro and Guevara landed in Cuba with a small band of insurgents, known as the '26th of July Movement', and began a guerrilla war against the government. In December 1958, Castro launched a full-scale attack and Batista was forced to flee. In February 1959, Castro was sworn in as prime minister of Cuba and announced the introduction of a Marxist-Leninist programme adapted to local requirements. Thousands of Cubans went into exile, mostly to the United States.
Antagonism grew with the US and the Americans imposed economic sanctions on Cuba in 1960. Relations reached crisis point with the CIA-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion by Cuban exiles in April 1961, which failed. Castro then secretly allowed the Soviets to build sites for nuclear missiles in Cuba, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, when the US and the Soviet Union came very close to war. 

Despite his dictatorial style of government and ruthless suppression of opposition, Castro remained popular in Cuba. Many Cubans benefited from the free education and healthcare programmes he introduced. Cuba received considerable economic support from the Soviet Union. In 1976, Cuba's National Assembly elected Castro President.
Through the 1970s and 1980s Castro emerged as one of the leaders of the non-aligned nations, despite his obvious ties to the Soviet Union. However, the end of Soviet aid in 1991 led to a continued economic crisis in Cuba. Some foreign investment has been allowed, especially in tourism, and the money sent home by exiled Cubans is crucial. Castro stood down as President of Cuba in 2008 - passing the baton to his younger brother Raúl Castro.
 Castro has been leader of Cuba since 1959, when he created the first communist state in the western hemisphere. He is the world's longest-serving leader.
Fidel castro teach us the following: 
First, as Castro teaches us, revolution means a fundamental rupture with — or violence perpetrated on — a given mode of production in order to inaugurate a new one as well as inaugurate new epistemic-cultural modes of production and exchange in the interest of the total liberation of humankind. And revolution is not a product but a process that calls for continuously creative and critical interventions. As Castro puts it in his On Imperialist Globalization: ‘We, the revolutionaries, have discovered an even more powerful weapon: men think and feel.’