MFAHAMU KWA UFUPI RAPA WA WEST COST ANAETIKISA HADI LEO SNOOP DOGGY

Cordozar Calvin Broadus, Jr

HAPA NI HISTORIA YAKE KWA UFUPI HASA ALIPOTOKEA

Snoop Doggy

Cordozar Calvin Broadus, Jr (amezaliwa, 20 Oktoba 1971) ni Rapa wa kimarekani na pia muigazaji wa filamu. Alipata umaarufu kama Snoop Dogg, mwanzoni walikuwa wakimuita Snoop Dogg Doggy.

SNOOP DOGGY

Akiwa anawakilisha kikosi cha West Coast Hip Hop, pamoja na mshirika wake wa karibu bwana Dr. Dre ambaye ndiye aliyesababisha Snoop kuwa hapo alipofikia. Snoop kuna misemo yake ambayo imezoleka sana midomoni mwa watu vile akisema 'fo' Shizzle, manizzle, akimanisha, kweli ndugu yangu, useme huo ulibuniwa na mwanamuziki mmoja wa huko huko nchini marekani maarufu kama Frank Smith & the Band, mnamo miaka ya 80 hivi

  Maisha ya Mwanzo

Snoop alizaliwa mjini Long Beach, California tar. 20 Oktoba 1971. Akiwa bwana mdogo alipata jina la Snoop ambalo alipewa na mama yake mzazi kama jina la utani kwakuwa alikuwa anapenda kutazama kipindi cha televisheni kilichokuwa kinaitwa "Peanuts", kipindi ambacho kiliegemea kwenye masuala ya "Ucheshi", likiwemo na jina fulani la Snoop Dogg.
Snoop ajiunga na shule ya Long Beach Polytechnic High School, na baadae akapelekwa jela kwa kujishughulisha na maswala ya uuzaji na utumiaji wa madawa ya kulevya. Snoop pia alikuwa mmoja wa wanachama wa kikundi kidogo cha kihuni kilichokuwa kinaongozwa na "Bow Keene Mundine" ndani ya Long Beach.

Jina la Kiraia	Cordozar Calvin Broadus, Jr
Jina la kisanii	Snoop Doggy Dogg The D O Double G Bigg Snoop Dogg Tha Bigg Boss Dogg
Nchi	Long Beach, California, Marekani
Alizaliwa	20 Oktoba, 1971
Aina ya muziki	Rap na Hip Hop
Kazi yake	Mwanamuziki, Muigizaji, Mtayarishaji
Miaka ya kazi	mn. 1992 -
Ameshirikiana na	Dr. Dre, 213, Ray J, Brandy, Tha Dogg Pound, Tha Eastsidaz, Ice Cube, Xzibit, The Game, 50 Cent, Warren G, Nate Dogg
Ala	Sauti, Gita,Kinanda,Kinakilishi
Kampuni	Death Row, Interscope, Universal, No Limit, Priority, TVT, EMI, Star Trak, Geffen, Doggystyle

kupatwa kwa mwezi na jua [solar and lunar eclipse] matukio ya kawaida sasa duniani

leo itatokea kupatwa kwa mwezi usiku na hili ni kutoka kwa watbiri wa hali ya hewa 

 katika habari za kitabiri leo jumatatu kutatokea kupatwa kwa mwezi na hii imenifanya nikumbushie matukio haya ambyo yalitabiriwa kama ndio dalili za mwisho wa dunia na hali hii ya kupatwa kwamwezi ni yakawaida kabisa hapa duniani...

Kupatwa kwa jua kunatokea wakati mwezi unafunika jua. Tokeo lake ni kupungua kwa jua hadi kutoonekana tena na kufika kwa giza wakati wa mchana. Muda wa kufunikwa kabisa ni dakika chache tu.  Misingi ya kupatwa kwa jua
Kupatwa kwa jua kunatokea kama dunia, mwezi na jua zinakaa kwenye mstari mmoja mnyoofu yaani wakati mwezi unapita kati ya dunia na jua. Katika hali hiyo kuna kivuli cha mwezi kwenye uso wa dunia. Kivuli hiki hakifuniki dunia yote. Kwa hiyo kupatwa kwa jua kunaonekana kwa watu wengi kama kupungua kwa mwanga wa jua             
Aina za kupatwa kwa jua
Kuna aina mbalimbali za kupatwa kwa jua.

• kupatwa kabisa: jua lapotea kabisa kwa dakika chache. Hali hii yaonekana kwenye kanda nyembamba duniani kinapopita kitovu cha kivuli.
• kupatwa kipete: mwezi huonekana mdogo kuloko jua. Kwa hiyo duara ya kung'aa ya jua ni kubwa kuliko duara ya mwezi na mwanga wa jua waonekana kama pete.
• kupatwa kwa jua kisehemu: Katika eneo kubwa la kivuli cha kando watu hona upungufu wa mwanga; kiasi chake hutegemea umbali na kitovu cha kivuli. Wakitazama jua kwa filta kwa mfano kioo kilichopakwa dohani katika moshi ya mshumaa huwa wanaona sehemu ya duara ya jua imefunikwa. 

KUPATWA KWA MWEZI
H hutyokea pale dunia inapokua katikati ya jua na mwezi na kufanya mwezi ushindwe kuakisi mwanga kutoka kwenye jua ikumbukwe kua mwezi hupata ama huakisis mwanga wake kutoka kwenye jua sasa dunia inapokua katikati mwanga wa jua haufiki katika mwezi na kusababisha mwezi kua na giza na hii haichukui muda mrefu kisha hali huwa kama kawaida na matukio haya hutokea mara kwa mara sasa duniani na limekua kama jambo la kawaida kabisa

UNDERSTAND 5 [FIVE] VALUE OF LIFE TO LEAD YOU LIFE WELL.

There are so many but today you have to learn only five main value of life

Economic approaches to valuation

The value of a statistical life is most commonly determined by looking at a person's willingness to pay or willingness to accept. Willingness to pay can be found by asking a person how much they would be willing to pay for good health outcomes (or to reduce bad health outcomes). It can also be determined by looking at a person's purchasing choices. An example would be looking at how much more a person would be willing to pay for airbags in his/her car. To determine willingness to pay one would look at the change in the price that occurs because of the added airbags and divide that by the change in the risk of death. Willingness to accept is determined by looking at how much more you would have to pay someone to put them in a position where they are more likely to have bad health outcomes. This could be seen by changing a person's location from a less polluted city to a more polluted city and looking at the difference in wages between the two areas.

An Alternative Model

is better to die when you trying.

An opposing view to the "willingness to pay" model follows. For all practical purposes, a "willingness to pay" model assumes that each individual is able to pay in cash or trade the pledged monetary value of what they are willing to pay for the life in question. However, a "willingness to pay" model is not useful in estimating the cost of a human life for minors, terminally sick people, incarcerated people, and more importantly in the event of a terrorist or environmental hazard. This is because the "willingness to pay" model accepts a subjective appraisal of a human life made by the person who was given a hypothetical situation which implies that they have a greater amount of financial resources than they do in actuality, because the calculation is not based on their actual ability to pay at the moment, but what they think they would pay and some normalization and averaging of their spending habits over a period of time.
Additionally, this method is not applicable when estimating anyone under 18, because clearly they do not meet the criteria required by the "willingness to pay" model.

A practical example of a baseline model

remember time is very importance to you dont waste a time

This example monetizes the life of an 18 year old individual which for the purposes of this exercise shall be referred to as a Consumer Unit (CU). Assumptions and known data:

1. Family Income
2. Family Size
3. Limited educational background data

The CU is an 18 year old non college bound individual who was produced in a two income household without siblings. The combined family income over the lifetime of the CU is inflation and tax bracket adjusted. The income is divided by the total number of family members (3) which yields the CU’s estimated Monetary Value. Future value is not considered since this method assigns a zero value if the CU is damaged or destroyed.

Uses

how do you use you income.

Since resources are finite, tradeoffs are inevitable, even regarding potential life-or-death decisions. The assignment of a value to individual life is one possible approach to attempting to make rational decisions about these tradeoffs.
When deciding on the appropriate level of healthcare spending, a typical method is to equate the marginal cost of the healthcare to the marginal benefits received. In order to obtain a marginal benefit amount, some estimation of the dollar value of life is required.
In risk management activities such as in the areas of workplace safety, and insurance, it is often useful to put a precise economic value on a given life. There can be no such thing as a perfectly safe or risk free system—one can always make a system safer by spending more money. However, there are diminishing returns involved.
In transportation modes it is very important to consider the external cost that is paid by the society but is not calculated, for making it more sustainable.

Criticisms

There are also intergenerational aspects to the value of life. Some economists calculate social discount rates based on the interest rates prevalent in financial markets. The higher the social discount rate, the more future generations are devalued relative to the current generation.
The anti-globalization movement objects to the obvious disparity between the value assigned to life in developed nations versus developing nations—most particularly as reflected in World Bank, WTO, and IMF decisions. They point to such numbers as the IPCC assumption that a developed nation can pay fifteen times more than a developing nation to avert a death due to climate change, as evidence of systematic neglect of the value of statistical life in the poorer South, as opposed to the more developed North. Some also fear that more standard global value of life mechanisms could have consequences for the working people in the developed nations.

you dont live with bad luck try

A few also debate as to whether animal life deserves to have a value assigned to it, such as in the field of biodiversity. A moral argument associated with this is the Great Ape personhood debate, which has become especially poignant since the recent advocacy by some scientists to move the two chimpanzee species into the genus Homo (previously it was considered a hominid).

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION [TOHARA] NA MADHARA YAKE KWA WANAWAKE

WATOTO WAKIKE WAKIFANYIWA UKEKETAJI KWA WAKATI MMOJA JAMBO AMBALO HUHATARISHA MAISHA YAO..

Tohara 
ni upasuaji mdogo wa kukata na kuondoa govi, yaani ngozi inayofunika kichwa cha uume.

MTOTO ALIEKOSA RAHA NA KUATHIRIKA KISAIKOLOJIA KUTOKANA NA TOHARA

Wakati mwingine ukeketaji huitwa "tohara ya mwanamke".
Inaweza kufanyika katika umri wowote na kwa sababu za kiutamaduni, za kidini au za kiganga. Mara nyingi desturi za kutahiri zinachanganya sababu za kidini na kiutamaduni. Kwa mfano, Waislamu wa Misri huamini ya kwamba wanatahiri watoto wao kama amri ya kidini lakini Wakristo Wakopti wa nchi hiyo hutahiri watoto vilevile. Ukweli ni kwamba tohara inajulikana ilikuwa desturi ya Wamisri tangu kale.
Tohara inafanyika hasa mara baada ya kuzaliwa kwa mtoto au wakati wa kubalehe.

HIZI NI KAMPENI ZA UKEKETAJI AMBAO UNAPEWA KIPAUMBELE NA JAMII NYINGI SAHA ZA VIJIJINI

Wanawake na wasichana wanaokaribia milioni 140 duniani kote wamefanyiwa FGM, kulingana na Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni (WHO). Pia linakadiria kuwa wanawake wapatao 8,000 wako katika hatari ya kufanyiwa tohara kila siku.
Utekelezaji wa kitendo hicho unatofautiana kulingana na sababu kama vile historia ya kikabila ya mwathirika na mahali jumuiya yake inapatikana. Wasichana wa umri wa chini ya mwaka mmoja wanafanyiwa tohara na inatumika zaidi kwa wasichana wa hadi umri wa miaka 15.
Ikiwa inafanyika katika kile ambacho mashirika ya haki za binadamu inaita ‘’mazingira ya kutisha, mara nyingi inawahusisha wasichana waliotiwa hofu wakati waendeshaji wa tohara wa jadi wanatumia vitu vyenye ncha kali kama vile visu, viwembe au glasi zilizovunjika kufanyia tohara.
Kumekuwa na ushahidi kuwa madaktari na wafanyakazi wa hospitali wanashiriki katika baadhi ya matukio.
Kuna aina nne ya tohara kama ilivyogawanywa na WHO. Waris Dirie, mwanamitindo wa zamani wa Somalia ambaye pia ni mwathirika wa FGM na ambaye anaendesha shirika lake la kufanya kampeni dhidi ya FGM lenye makao yake Vienna, Austria, alisema kuwa pamoja na kwamba sheria zimepitishwa barani Ulaya kujaribu na kukomesha FGM mila hiyo inaenea kwa siri katika jumuiya.
Waris Dirie, mwanamitindo wa zamani wa Somalia ambaye pia ni mwathirika wa FGM na ambaye anaendesha shirika lake la kufanya kampeni dhidi ya FGM lenye makao yake Vienna, Austria, alisema kuwa pamoja na kwamba sheria zimepitishwa barani Ulaya kujaribu na kukomesha FGM mila hiyo inaenea kwa siri katika jumuiya.
HAYA NI MADHARA YA UKEKETAJI
1.INATEGEMEA SANA NA AINA YA UKEKETAJI ILA KIKAWAIDA KABISA MWANAMKE HAWEZI KUSIKIA RAHA WAKATI WA KUJAMIIANA
2. KAMA HAITOSHI TOHARA HIYO HAIFANYI KITAALAM NA INAWEZA KUSABABISHA DAMU NYINGI KUVUJA NA KUHATARISHA MAISHA YA MSICHANA
3. NI RAHISI SANA KUPATA MAGONJWA YA ZINAA KAMA UKIMWI NK, KWASABABU VIFAA VINATUMIKA KWA MTU ZAIDI YA MMOJA NA KWA WAKATI MMOJA AMA MDA MFUPI
4.INASABABISHA MATATIZO YA KISAIKOLOJIA MTOTO WA KIKE NA HII INAMPUNGUZIA FURSA YA KUFANYA VIZURI KATIKA MASOMO YA KE NK...

VIFAA VYA TOHARA HIYO HARAMU

       YAPO MENGI SNA KUHUSU KMAKALA HII KWA LEO NAISHIA HAPO NA WALE WALIONITUMIA EMAIL ZAO  NA MASWALI YAO NADHANI LEO NIMEJIBU YOTE KUPITIA MAIL ZAO
  SAY STEVEN ...




TCHAO..                                                      BAADHI YA PICHA ZIKO KIDOGO NJE YA MAADILI YA KITANZNIA NA KIAFRIKA KWA UJIMLA ILA TUVUMILIE ILI TUSOME...

HUYU NDIE HAYATI REMMY ONGALA NGULI WA MUZIKI AFRIKA NA DUNIA [ALIPOTOKA NA ALIPOFIKIA TAMATI]

Remmy Ongala (1947 - Desemba 13 2010) alikuwa mwanamuziki nchini Tanzania mwenye asili ya Zaire. Alizaliwa na jina la kiraia la Ramadhani Mtoro Ongala katika jimbo la Kivu la Kongo ya Kibelgiji.
Remmy Ongala pamoja na bendi yake ya Super Matimila, ni mashuhuri sana nchini Tanzania, na wamepiga muziki mara nyingi katika nchi za Ulaya na Marekani. Remmy Ongala kwa asili anatoka Zaire. Akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa mama yake alifariki, hivyo ikimbidi achukue jukumu la kutunza wadogo zake.
Akiwa na umri wa miaka 17, alikuwa muimbaji na mpiga ngoma katika bendi ya vijana ya Bantu Success. Hii haikuwa na maana kwa familia yake, hivyo Remmy ilimbidi atoke katika bendi. Miaka miwili baadaye, alijishughulisha tena na muziki. Alijiunga na vikundi mbalimbali vya bendi za muziki akiwa mpiga gitaa, baadhi yake zilikuwa Micky Jazz ya Zaire na Grand Mike Jazz ya huko Uganda. Mwaka 1978 alihamia Tanzania na kujiunga na bendi ya mjomba wake Ochestre Makassy ya jijini Dar es Salaam.
Mwaka 1981 alijiunga na bendi ya Matimila, ikiwa na wanamuziki 18 na ikimilikiwa na mfanya biashara mmoja. Baadaye alianzisha bendi yake ya Super Matimila na kuendeleza mtindo wa kutumia magitaa 3, besi, ngoma na tarumbeta aina ya saksafoni. Remmy Ongala alipiga muziki wake kwa mtindo wa Soukous, katika maumbile mapya kabisa kwa kutumia asili na jadi ya kitanzania. Akiimba kwa kiswahili, ushairi wake mzuri una tunzi zinazohusu siasa na pia maisha ya mtu wa kawaida. Kwa ajili ya uimbaji na utunzi wake wa kuliwaza, Remmy anaitwa “Dokta” na ni mtu anayejulikana sana katika sehemu za Sinza ambazo ni jirani na anakoishi yeye na mkewe mwingereza na watoto wao 5 na kasuku mmoja, nje kidogo ya jiji la Dar es Salaam.

WASIFU WAKE KWA UJUMLA

Jina la kuzaliwa	Ramadhani Mtoro Ongala
Amezaliwa	1947
Asili yake	Mzaire, Mtanzania
Amekufa	2010
Kazi yake	Mwimbaji
Ala	Sauti, Gitaa
Miaka ya kazi	mn. 1965 -
Ameshirikiana na	Virunga, Diblo Dibala, Orchestra Super Mazembe, Orchestra Makassy

japo kwa ufupi ila kamwe hatasahaulika hayati remmy ongala lakini pia ikumbukwe kuwa remmy aliwahi kuokoka na alitumikia kipindi chake cha kuokoka kwa kuhubiri injili na kuimba nyimbo nyingi za injili mpaka aliporipotiwa kufariki dunia tar 13/12/2010 mungu ailaze roho yake mahali pema pepeni
amina..
na steven mruma kwa msaada wa vyombo vingine vya habari duniani...