TANZANIA INDEPENDENT AND SHORT HISTORY OF TANZANIA

Tanzania is home to some of the oldest human settlements unearthed by archaeologists, including fossils of early humans found in and around Olduvai Gorge in northern Tanzania, an area often referred to as "The Cradle of Mankind". These fossils include Paranthropus bones thought to be over 2 million years old, and the oldest known footprints of the immediate ancestors of humans, the Laetoli footprints, estimated to be about 3.6 million years old.^[1]
Reaching back about 10,000 years, Tanzania is believed to have been populated by hunter-gatherer communities, probably Khoisan speaking people. Between three and six thousand years ago, they were joined by Cushitic-speaking people who came from the north, into which the Khoisan peoples were slowly absorbed. Cushitic peoples introduced basic techniques of agriculture, food production, and later, cattle farming.^[2]
About 2000 years ago, Bantu-speaking people began to arrive from western Africa in a series of migrations. These groups brought and developed ironworking skills and new ideas of social and political organization. They absorbed many of the Cushitic peoples who had preceded them, as well as most of the remaining Khoisan-speaking inhabitants. Later, Nilotic pastoralists arrived, and continued to immigrate into the area through to the 18th century.^[2][3]] Early Coastal History
Travellers and merchants from the Persian Gulf and Western India have visited the East African coast since early in the first millennium CE. Greek texts such as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolomey's Geography list a string of market places (emporia) along the coast. Finds of Roman-era coins along the coast confirm the existence of trade, and Ptolomey's Geography refers to a town of Rhapta as "metropolis" of a political entity called Azania. Archaeologists have not yet succeeded in identifying the location of Rhapta, though many believe it lies deeply buried in the silt of the delta of the Rufiji River. A long documentary silence follows these ancient texts, and it is not until Arab geographical treatises were written about the coast that our information resumes.

Remains of those towns' material culture demonstrate that they arose from indigenous roots, not from foreign settlement. And the language that was spoken in them, Swahili (now Tanzania's national language), is a member of the Bantu language family that spread from the northern Kenya coast well before significant Arab presence was felt in the region. By the beginning of the second millennium CE the Swahili towns conducted a thriving trade that linked Africans in the interior with trade partners throughout the Indian Ocean. From c. 1200 to 1500 CE, the town of Kilwa, on Tanzania's southern coast, was perhaps the wealthiest and most powerful of these towns, presiding over what some scholars consider the "golden age" of Swahili civilization. In the early 14th century, Ibn Battuta, a Berber traveller from North Africa, visited Kilwa and proclaimed it one of the best cities in the world. Islam was practised on the Swahili coast as early as the eighth or ninth century CE.^[4]
In 1498, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama became the first known European to reach the East African coast; he stayed for 32 days.^[5] In 1505 the Portuguese captured the island of Zanzibar.^[6] Portuguese control lasted until the early 18th century, when Arabs from Oman established a foothold in the region. Assisted by Omani Arabs, the indigenous coastal dwellers succeeded in driving the Portuguese from the area north of the Ruvuma River by the early 18th century. Claiming the coastal strip, Omani Sultan Seyyid Said moved his capital to Zanzibar City in 1840.^[6] He focused on the island and developed trade routes that stretched as far as Lake Tanganyika and Central Africa. During this time, Zanzibar became the centre for the Arab slave trade. Due to the Arab and Persian domination at this later time, many Europeans misconstrued the nature of Swahili civilization as a product of Arab colonization. However, this misunderstanding has begun to dissipate over the past 40 years as Swahili civilization is becoming recognized as principally African in origiⁿ

WHAT IS REALLY LOVE IN OUR RELATIONSHIP WE NEED TO KNOW MORE..

Every day we talk about love its magic topic? may be yes because love and relationship creat rhe world , but insteady of this what is realy love?????????
TRUE LOVE IS THE SEX????
no no no but may be you want to made sex as your kind of loving yet

Numerous studies of experts in the matters of relationships, show that many who are in relationships are unable to tolerate the continued existence in a relationship without sex.. Hata hivyo tafiti hizo za uhakika zinaeleza kwamba baada ya wapenzi kufanya ngono, ile hamu ya kuendelea kuwa na uhusinao hupungua! However, these studies indicate that certain couples That is caused by racial or language, and have nothing to declare himself not to know the 'partner' her.Wengi hulia baada ya kujikuta wakiingia katika mkumbo huu. Many find themselves crying after coming into this .Just ask yourself, as is love, why he will cling to you soon??? 
There are too many things to do instead of sex, you have no reason to give priority to sex when there are many other things you can do to make your will permanently continued daily.
SEX WHEN YOU CAN DO?
Basically the issue of sex has no principles, no specific time to start having sex with your partner.Sex is just a feeling, and it is better if these feelings zikaja at one time between you and the man you love..Sports psychology experts, they suggest that couples should not participate unless they act when they understand each other enough, especially health testing for sexually transmitted diseases, especially AIDS yamezagaa every corner of the world./In addition, the issue of sex is halikwepeki if you allow you to meet two cool parts
The basic thing is to settle with ourselves, do not have sex as part of sex..
Recognize that sex is something else and something else will, even if they decide to participate in the act, you know that you yourselvesna kisitumike kama kiburudisho tu.. sometime you have to avoid vijizawadi [gifts] like  fruits, cloth, shopping etc hii itakupelekea kushindwa kukataaa kwa urahisi and can make you fall in danger of sex [ KWA HERUFI KUBWA KAMA MSISITIZO] SEX IS LIKE BAZOKA AT FIRST IS SO SWEET BUT ATB A TIME THE SWEET DISAPPER AND FINALY UTAMU KWISHA KAZI  MNACHOKANA HARAKA .. MWISHO NINAYOMENGI SNA NA SIWEZI KUANDIKA YOTE BUT YOU MAY CONTACT ME
FOR MORE STORIES
STEVEN M..

CHANGAMOTO ZA MAHUSIANO NA WAPI TUNAPOJIKWAA NA SABABU AMBAZO HUHARIBU MAHUSIANO KWA HARAKA SANA..

Kati ya shughuli nzito ambazo huwakumba watu walio katika mahusiano ya kimapenzi au ndoa ni kuhakikisha kuwa mahusiano yao yanakuwa imara. Ni shughuli yenye changamoto nyingi kwani huhitaji uwiano, maana mwanamume na mwanamke wameumbwa tofauti na kila mmoja ana matakwa na matarajio yake.
Sababu za kuvunjika kwa uhusiano zinaweza kuwapo nyingi na kutofautiana kutoka uhusiano huu na ule, lakini zipo kumi ambazo zinaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa kuu. Ukizifahamu utajua jinsi ya kuboresha uhusiano wako wa sasa au baadaye, au kukuweka sawa kisaikolojia kwa ajili ya uhusiano mpya.

SABABU HIZI ZINASABABISHA MAPENZI KUVUNJIKA MAPEMA


1.WIVU ULIOKITHIRI
Wivu ni mojawapo ya sababu kuu za kuvunjika kwa uhusiano wa kimapenzi au hata ndoa. Wivu wa kupindukia unaweza kusababisha ugomvi ambao nao ni sababu kubwa ya kuachana kwa wapenzi.

Wivu husababishwa zaidi na kutokujiamini kwa mtu. Kwa hiyo, ili kuepuka wivu na
kuunusuru uhusiano wa kimapenzi, lazima mtu kwanza ajithamini na kujiamini kuwa
anastahili kupendwa na mpenzi wake kama alivy0

2.MAWASILIANO HAFIFU

Mawasiliano ni kitu muhimu sana katika mapenzi. Iwapo wapenzi watashindwa kuelezana hisia zao, mawazo yao, mitazamo yao, imani zao, matatizo yao au hata furaha zao, uhusiano utakuwa unaelekea pabaya.

Inapotokea hiyo ikawa sababu ya kuachana kwa wapenzi, basi mtu anapojifunza tena
kupenda atapaswa kujifunza pia jinsi ya kuwasiliana vema na mwenzake, kwani kwa
hakika mawasiliano mabaya ni sababu kubwa ya kuachana kwa wapenzi..


3.KUMNYANYASA MPENZI WAKO BILA SABABU.
Hii ndiyo sababu ambayo pengine iko wazi zaidi. Kuna aina mbalimbali za unyanyasaji
ambao hujitokeza baina ya wapenzi na si lazima kwamba mwanamume ndiye anayemnyanyasa mwanamke kama ilivyozoeleka. Hata wanawake huwanyanyasa wanaume.

Unaweza kudhani ukinyanyaswa tu na mpenzi au mwenza utamwacha, lakini ukweli ni kwamba wengi huvumilia, pengine kutokana na kuiogopa jamii inayowazunguka. Lakini ukweli ni kwamba unyanyasaji huondoa kabisa maana ya mapenzi na kusababisha wapenzi
wengi kukosa sababu ya kuendelea kuwa pamoja.
KUKOSA UAMINIFU HASA UNAOTOKANA NA TAMAA ZA KIJINGA
Kushindwa kutimiza ahadi, kusema uwongo au kufanya usaliti wa kimapenzi ni mambo
ambayo humwondolea mtu uaminifu kwa mwenzake. Kwa hakika, kukosekana kwa uaminifu ni sababu kuu ya kuyumba na hata kuvunjika kwa mahusiano yaliyo mengi.

Iwapo kuaminiana kwa msingi kabisa katika uhusiano kutavunjwa mara kwa mara, hasira za mpenzi kwa mwenzake zitalimbikizwa na hamu ya wapenzi/wenza kuendelea kuishi pamoja itapungua. Wapenzi walio katika uhusiano wenye mizizi na afya njema wanaweza kukubaliana kumaliza tofauti zao na kusonga mbele. Kama wataheshimu ahadi na viapo vyao vipya mambo yataendelea.

Kumdanganya mpenzi mara kwa mara, kumsaliti mara kwa mara na kuvunja ahadi zako mara kwa mara huufanya uhusiano kudhoofika na hatimaye nguzo yake muhimu – yaani kuaminiana – kuanguka. Hapo ndipo uhusiano hufika kikomo.
  Iwapo itatokea kuwa mmoja wa wapenzi/marafiki au wote wawili akawa hajitambui na kufuata matakwa yake, mahitaji yake, matamanio yake, mipango yake ya baadaye, malengo yake, msimamo wake, hulka yake na vipaumbele vyake, haitakuwa rahisi kwa watu hawa wawili kuwa na uhusiano wenye afya.



5.. KUJITAMBUA NA KUTAMBUA MAJUKUMU YAKO.
Kujitambua huwasaidia wapenzi kuwa huru kila mmoja kwa mwenzake, akimweleza anataka nini, jambo ambalo husaidia kuimarisha uhusiano. Lakini inapotokea kuwa mmoja wa wapenzi hajitambui, au wote wawili hawajitambui, ni rahisi sana uhusiano kuvunjika, hasa kama wahusika waliingia katika uhusiano huo wakiwa na umri mdogo.lazima utambue kuwa unahaki gani na wajibu gani kwa mpenzi wako nae akitambua haki na wajibu wake katika mahusiano lazima yatadumu ila ikiwa nin kinyume na hapo hakuna penzi litakalo dumu daima..
                                   USHAURI WANGU KWAKO
NIVYEMA SANA UKAJARIBU KUSOMA NA KUANGALIA WATU WANAISHIJE KATIKA MAHUSIANO WA WAPI WANAANGUKA NA WAPI WAFANIKISHA HALAFU TAMBUA WAJIBU WAKO KWA MWENZI WAKO KABLA YA KUMKABIDHI MOYO NA BILA SHAKA LAZIMA UJUE KUZISOMA NYAKATI NA PIA KUBALI KWENDA NA MABADILIKO.. TAMBUA YAKUA MAPENZI SIO JAMBO LAKITOTO  NI KITU AMBACHO KIPO DEEP SANA NA KINAHITAJI UMAKINI PIA UMAHILRI SANA KUWEZA KUONGOZA VINGINEVYO KILA SIKU UTALIA NA UTAJUTIA NA LADHA YA MAPENZI ITAKUA CHUNGU KWAKO DAIMA...
 STEVEN M..
 MWISHO

UFAHAMU UGONJWA MA MARALIA AMBAO NDIO UNAOUA WATU WENGI PIA KULIKO HATA UKIMWI [OGOPA UKIMWI LAKINI USISAHAU NA MRALIA NAYO INAUA..

SEHEMU AMBAZO ZINA PATA MADHARA NDANIA YA MWILI WA BINADAMU UNAPO PATA MARALIA

MBU NDIO MSABABISHAJI WA UGONJWA WA MARALIA ILA NI MBU JIKE AITWAE ANOFELES..

PLASMODIAM AMBAYE HUATHIRI CELL ZA DAMU NA KUSABABISHA KIFO IWAPO MARALIA HAITATIBIWA TENA KWA HARAKA..

VIMELEA VYA PLASMODIA KAMA VILIVYOONEKANA KWA HUTUMIA DARUBIN KALKI..

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by a eukaryotic protist of the genus Plasmodium. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas (22 countries), Asia, and Africa. Each year, there are more than 250 million cases of malaria,[1] killing between one and three million people, the majority of whom are young children in sub-Saharan Africa.[2] Ninety percent of malaria-related deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is commonly associated with poverty, and can indeed be a cause of poverty[3] and a major hindrance to economic development.

Five species of the plasmodium parasite can infect humans: the most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae causes milder disease in humans that is not generally fatal. A fifth species, Plasmodium knowlesi, is a zoonosis that causes malaria in macaques but can also infect humans.[4][5]
It is naturally transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of blood is taken, which contains malaria parasites. These develop within the mosquito, and about one week later, when the mosquito takes its next blood meal, the parasites are injected with the mosquito's saliva into the person being bitten. After a period of between two weeks and several months (occasionally years) spent in the liver, the malaria parasites start to multiply within red blood cells, causing symptoms that include fever, and headache. In severe cases the disease worsens leading to hallucinations, coma, and death.
A wide variety of antimalarial drugs are available to treat malaria. In the last 5 years, treatment of P. falciparum infections in endemic countries has been transformed by the use of combinations of drugs containing an artemisinin derivative. Severe malaria is treated with intravenous or intramuscular quinine or, increasingly, the artemisinin derivative artesunate.[6] Several drugs are also available to prevent malaria in travellers to malaria-endemic countries (prophylaxis). Resistance has developed to several antimalarial drugs, most notably chloroquine.[7]
Malaria transmission can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites by distribution of inexpensive mosquito nets and insect repellents, or by mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides inside houses and draining standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs.
Although many are under development, the challenge of producing a widely available vaccine that provides a high level of protection for a sustained period is still to be met.[8]
Appearance Periodicity Persistent in liver? Plasmodium vivax
The treatment of malaria depends on the severity of the disease. Uncomplicated malaria is treated with oral drugs. Whether patients who can take oral drugs have to be admitted depends on the assessment and the experience of the clinician. Severe malaria requires the parenteral administration of antimalarial drugs. The traditional treatment for severe malaria has been quinine but there is evidence that the artemisinins are also superior for the treatment of severe malaria.[citation needed] A large clinical trial is currently under way to compare the efficacy of quinine and artesunate in the treatment of severe malaria in African children.[citation needed]
Active malaria infection with P. falciparum is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization. Infection with P. vivax, P. ovale or P. malariae can often be treated on an outpatient basis. Treatment of malaria involves supportive measures as well as specific antimalarial drugs. Most antimalarial drugs are produced industrially and are sold at pharmacies. However, as the cost of such medicines are often too high for most people in the developing world, some herbal remedies (such as Artemisia annua tea)[95] have also been developed, and have gained support from international organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières. When properly treated, a patient with malaria can expect a c
tertian yes Plasmodium ovale

MAADHIMISHO YA UKIMWI DUNIANI NA CHANGAMOTO MPYA.. KUMBUKA DUNIA BILA UKIMWI INAWEZEKANA ILA INAANZIA NA SISI.

Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani

Kitambaa chekundu ni ishara ya kimataifa kwa mshikamano na watu wenye VVU na wale wanaoishi na UKIMWI.
Siku ya UKIMWI duniani huadhimishwa 1 Desemba kila mwaka ili kueneza ufahamu wa ugonjwa wa UKIMWI unaosababishwa na kusambazwa virusi vya UKIMWI. Ni kawaida kuwa na kumbusho ili kuwajali watu ambao wamefariki kutokana na VVU / UKIMWI siku hii. Serikali na pia maafisa wa afya huadhimisha siku hii, mara nyingi kwa hotuba au vikao kwenye mada ya UKIMWI. Tangu mwaka 1995, Rais wa Marekani ametoa tangazo rasmi juu ya Siku ya UKIMWI Duniani. Serikali za mataifa mengine yamefuata mtindo huu na kutoa matangazo maalum.
UKIMWI umeuwa zaidi ya watu milioni 25 kati ya 1981 na 2007, [1] na wastani wa watu milioni 33.2 wanaishi na VVU duniani kote kutoka 2007, [2] kuifanya kuwa moja ya magonjwa haribifu zaidi katika historia iliyoandikwa. Licha ya kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma ya matibabu na madawa ya kurefusha maisha katika maeneo mengi ya dunia, UKIMWI ulisababisha vifo vya watu wanaokadiriwa milioni 2 mwaka 2007,na miongoni mwao 270.000 walikuwa NI watoto.
Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani ilibuniwa mara ya kwanza Agosti 1987 na James W. Bunn na Thomas Netter, maafisa wawili wa habari kwa umma kwa ajili ya Mpango wa Kimataifa juu ya UKIMWI katika Shirika la Afya Duniani mjini Geneva, Uswisi Bunn na Netter walichukua wazo lao kwa Dr Jonathan Mann, Mkurugenzi wa Mpango wa Kimataifa juu ya UKIMWI (sasa inajulikana kama UNAIDS). Dr Mann alipenda wazo lao, akaliridhi, na alikubaliana na pendekezo kuwa adhimisho la kwanza la Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani inapaswa 1 kuwa Desemba 1988.
Bunn alipendekeza tarehe ya Desemba 1 kuhakikisha uangalifu wa vyombo vya harabi vya ulaya, kitu ambacho aliamini kuwa muhimu kwa mafanikio ya Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani. Aliamini hivyo kwa sababu 1988 ulikuwa mwaka wa uchaguzi huko Marekani na vyombo vya habari vingekuwa vimechoka kurekodi habari za uchaguzi na wangekuwa na hamu ya kupata habari mpya. Bunn na Netter waliona kuwa Desemba 1 ilikuwa muda wa kutosha baada ya uchaguzi na mapema kabla ya likizo ya Krismasi na hakukuwa na habari kamilifu siku hiyo kwa hivyo ingekuwa siku barabara kuadhimisha Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani.

(Bunn, aliyekuwa awali mwanahabari aliyerekodi ugonjwa huu kwa KPIX-TV katika San Francisco, pamoja na mtayarishaji Nancy Saslow, pia alibuni na alianzisha "AIDS Lifeline" - kampeni ya ujulishaji wa umma na elimu ya afya iliyokuwa ikisambazwa kwa vituo vya televisheni nchini Marekani "AIDS Lifeline "ilipewa kuheshimiwa kwa tuzo la Peabody, tunu la kienyeji, na Tuzo la kwanza la Taifa kupewa kwa kituo cha habari katika Marekani
katika miaka miwili ya kwanza, maudhui ya Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani yalilenga watoto na vijana. Mandhari haya yalikosolewa sana wakati huo kwa kupuuza ukweli kwamba watu wa umri wowote wanaweza kuambukizwa na VVU na kuteseka kutokana na UKIMWI. Lakini mandhari yalizingatia VVU / UKIMWI, ilisaidia kupunguza baadhi ya unyanyapaa unaoathiri ugonjwa huo, na ilisaidia kukuza ufahamishaji kwa tatizo kama ugonjwa wa familia.
Mwaka 2004, Kampeni ya Ukimwi Duniani ikawa shirika la kujitegemea.
Kila mwaka, Papa Yohana Paulo II na Benedikto XVI hutoa ujumbe wa kuwaamkua wagonjwa na madaktari Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani