UFAHAMU UGONJWA MA MARALIA AMBAO NDIO UNAOUA WATU WENGI PIA KULIKO HATA UKIMWI [OGOPA UKIMWI LAKINI USISAHAU NA MRALIA NAYO INAUA..

SEHEMU AMBAZO ZINA PATA MADHARA NDANIA YA MWILI WA BINADAMU UNAPO PATA MARALIA

MBU NDIO MSABABISHAJI WA UGONJWA WA MARALIA ILA NI MBU JIKE AITWAE ANOFELES..

PLASMODIAM AMBAYE HUATHIRI CELL ZA DAMU NA KUSABABISHA KIFO IWAPO MARALIA HAITATIBIWA TENA KWA HARAKA..

VIMELEA VYA PLASMODIA KAMA VILIVYOONEKANA KWA HUTUMIA DARUBIN KALKI..

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by a eukaryotic protist of the genus Plasmodium. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas (22 countries), Asia, and Africa. Each year, there are more than 250 million cases of malaria,[1] killing between one and three million people, the majority of whom are young children in sub-Saharan Africa.[2] Ninety percent of malaria-related deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is commonly associated with poverty, and can indeed be a cause of poverty[3] and a major hindrance to economic development.

Five species of the plasmodium parasite can infect humans: the most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae causes milder disease in humans that is not generally fatal. A fifth species, Plasmodium knowlesi, is a zoonosis that causes malaria in macaques but can also infect humans.[4][5]
It is naturally transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of blood is taken, which contains malaria parasites. These develop within the mosquito, and about one week later, when the mosquito takes its next blood meal, the parasites are injected with the mosquito's saliva into the person being bitten. After a period of between two weeks and several months (occasionally years) spent in the liver, the malaria parasites start to multiply within red blood cells, causing symptoms that include fever, and headache. In severe cases the disease worsens leading to hallucinations, coma, and death.
A wide variety of antimalarial drugs are available to treat malaria. In the last 5 years, treatment of P. falciparum infections in endemic countries has been transformed by the use of combinations of drugs containing an artemisinin derivative. Severe malaria is treated with intravenous or intramuscular quinine or, increasingly, the artemisinin derivative artesunate.[6] Several drugs are also available to prevent malaria in travellers to malaria-endemic countries (prophylaxis). Resistance has developed to several antimalarial drugs, most notably chloroquine.[7]
Malaria transmission can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites by distribution of inexpensive mosquito nets and insect repellents, or by mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides inside houses and draining standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs.
Although many are under development, the challenge of producing a widely available vaccine that provides a high level of protection for a sustained period is still to be met.[8]
Appearance Periodicity Persistent in liver? Plasmodium vivax
The treatment of malaria depends on the severity of the disease. Uncomplicated malaria is treated with oral drugs. Whether patients who can take oral drugs have to be admitted depends on the assessment and the experience of the clinician. Severe malaria requires the parenteral administration of antimalarial drugs. The traditional treatment for severe malaria has been quinine but there is evidence that the artemisinins are also superior for the treatment of severe malaria.[citation needed] A large clinical trial is currently under way to compare the efficacy of quinine and artesunate in the treatment of severe malaria in African children.[citation needed]
Active malaria infection with P. falciparum is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization. Infection with P. vivax, P. ovale or P. malariae can often be treated on an outpatient basis. Treatment of malaria involves supportive measures as well as specific antimalarial drugs. Most antimalarial drugs are produced industrially and are sold at pharmacies. However, as the cost of such medicines are often too high for most people in the developing world, some herbal remedies (such as Artemisia annua tea)[95] have also been developed, and have gained support from international organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières. When properly treated, a patient with malaria can expect a c
tertian yes Plasmodium ovale

MAADHIMISHO YA UKIMWI DUNIANI NA CHANGAMOTO MPYA.. KUMBUKA DUNIA BILA UKIMWI INAWEZEKANA ILA INAANZIA NA SISI.

Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani

Kitambaa chekundu ni ishara ya kimataifa kwa mshikamano na watu wenye VVU na wale wanaoishi na UKIMWI.
Siku ya UKIMWI duniani huadhimishwa 1 Desemba kila mwaka ili kueneza ufahamu wa ugonjwa wa UKIMWI unaosababishwa na kusambazwa virusi vya UKIMWI. Ni kawaida kuwa na kumbusho ili kuwajali watu ambao wamefariki kutokana na VVU / UKIMWI siku hii. Serikali na pia maafisa wa afya huadhimisha siku hii, mara nyingi kwa hotuba au vikao kwenye mada ya UKIMWI. Tangu mwaka 1995, Rais wa Marekani ametoa tangazo rasmi juu ya Siku ya UKIMWI Duniani. Serikali za mataifa mengine yamefuata mtindo huu na kutoa matangazo maalum.
UKIMWI umeuwa zaidi ya watu milioni 25 kati ya 1981 na 2007, [1] na wastani wa watu milioni 33.2 wanaishi na VVU duniani kote kutoka 2007, [2] kuifanya kuwa moja ya magonjwa haribifu zaidi katika historia iliyoandikwa. Licha ya kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma ya matibabu na madawa ya kurefusha maisha katika maeneo mengi ya dunia, UKIMWI ulisababisha vifo vya watu wanaokadiriwa milioni 2 mwaka 2007,na miongoni mwao 270.000 walikuwa NI watoto.
Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani ilibuniwa mara ya kwanza Agosti 1987 na James W. Bunn na Thomas Netter, maafisa wawili wa habari kwa umma kwa ajili ya Mpango wa Kimataifa juu ya UKIMWI katika Shirika la Afya Duniani mjini Geneva, Uswisi Bunn na Netter walichukua wazo lao kwa Dr Jonathan Mann, Mkurugenzi wa Mpango wa Kimataifa juu ya UKIMWI (sasa inajulikana kama UNAIDS). Dr Mann alipenda wazo lao, akaliridhi, na alikubaliana na pendekezo kuwa adhimisho la kwanza la Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani inapaswa 1 kuwa Desemba 1988.
Bunn alipendekeza tarehe ya Desemba 1 kuhakikisha uangalifu wa vyombo vya harabi vya ulaya, kitu ambacho aliamini kuwa muhimu kwa mafanikio ya Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani. Aliamini hivyo kwa sababu 1988 ulikuwa mwaka wa uchaguzi huko Marekani na vyombo vya habari vingekuwa vimechoka kurekodi habari za uchaguzi na wangekuwa na hamu ya kupata habari mpya. Bunn na Netter waliona kuwa Desemba 1 ilikuwa muda wa kutosha baada ya uchaguzi na mapema kabla ya likizo ya Krismasi na hakukuwa na habari kamilifu siku hiyo kwa hivyo ingekuwa siku barabara kuadhimisha Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani.

(Bunn, aliyekuwa awali mwanahabari aliyerekodi ugonjwa huu kwa KPIX-TV katika San Francisco, pamoja na mtayarishaji Nancy Saslow, pia alibuni na alianzisha "AIDS Lifeline" - kampeni ya ujulishaji wa umma na elimu ya afya iliyokuwa ikisambazwa kwa vituo vya televisheni nchini Marekani "AIDS Lifeline "ilipewa kuheshimiwa kwa tuzo la Peabody, tunu la kienyeji, na Tuzo la kwanza la Taifa kupewa kwa kituo cha habari katika Marekani
katika miaka miwili ya kwanza, maudhui ya Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani yalilenga watoto na vijana. Mandhari haya yalikosolewa sana wakati huo kwa kupuuza ukweli kwamba watu wa umri wowote wanaweza kuambukizwa na VVU na kuteseka kutokana na UKIMWI. Lakini mandhari yalizingatia VVU / UKIMWI, ilisaidia kupunguza baadhi ya unyanyapaa unaoathiri ugonjwa huo, na ilisaidia kukuza ufahamishaji kwa tatizo kama ugonjwa wa familia.
Mwaka 2004, Kampeni ya Ukimwi Duniani ikawa shirika la kujitegemea.
Kila mwaka, Papa Yohana Paulo II na Benedikto XVI hutoa ujumbe wa kuwaamkua wagonjwa na madaktari Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani

HIV/AIDS. IS TIME NOW TO STOPY TRANSIMITION OF HIV/AIDS.. AND IT BEGIN WITH US..

What is HIV and How Does it Relate to AIDS?

Understanding HIV and How it is Responsible for AIDS.

To answer the question what is HIV AIDS, we have to start early in the epidemic. In 1985, scientists discovered the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with it the question what is aids was answered. HIV is a virus that is transmitted from person to person through the exchange of body fluids such as blood, semen, breast milk and vaginal secretions. Sexual contact is the most common way to spread HIV AIDS, but it can also be transmitted by sharing needles when injecting drugs, or during childbirth and breastfeeding. As HIV AIDS reproduces, it damages the body's immune system and the body becomes susceptible to illness and infection. There is no known cure for HIV infection.
What is AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is a condition that describes an advanced state of HIV infection. With AIDS, the virus has progressed, causing significant loss of white blood cells (CD4 cells) or any of the cancers or infections that result from immune system damage. Those illnesses and infections are said to be "AIDS-defining" because they mark the onset of AIDS. Like HIV, there is no known cure for AIDS
NOW I SORT WE KNOW ABOUT HIV AIDS. and you have to remember that to day 1/12/2010 is hiv/aids world day you have to help and support affected by this disease and if you fail to do so you are also exploiter at all
... we can prevent hiv/aids if we need
world without hiv its possible...
steven mruma...

ifahamu japo kidogo historia ya chelsea mabingwa wa uingereza 2010...2011...

hawa ndio yhe blues kama unataka nitoe historia ya timu yako wasiliana na mimi timu yoyote hata kama ni ya tanzania ambayo imehawi kushiriki ligi ya taifa tu... songa na chelsea na kisha kesho nyingine mpaka kieleweke...

Chelsea Football Club has been good at celebrating special anniversaries. The year 2005 saw us reach the major milestone of 100 years-old. What better way was there to mark the centenary than by becoming champions of England for the second time in our existence?
Our golden jubilee had been similarly honoured. The club won silverware in the 1960s, the 70s, the 90s and at the turn of the new millennium, but 1955 was the year we finished above all other teams in the League for the first time.
It was also Chelsea's earliest major trophy. The first five decades had seen the club develop into an integral part of sporting life in England's capital city with famous players and a large, often full stadium.
Chelsea were popular, but achievement fell a long way short of that now enjoyed by the current team, which began the second 100 years of Chelsea history as the best in the land and the biggest football story throughout the world.
Even if trophy success proved elusive in the first 50 years, the club had been set up for the big time from te moment Henry Augustus Mears had a change of heart one Sunday morning in the autumn of 1904.
Of all the decisions that have shaped the history of Chelsea FC, there can be none more crucial than the one this Edwardian businessman made that particular day.
Gus Mears was an enthusiast for a sport that had taken northern Britain by storm but had yet to take off in the capital in quite the same way. London at the turn of the century failed to provide a single team to the Football League First Division.
Mears had spotted the potential for a football club to play at an old athletics ground at Stamford Bridge, an open piece of land in west London. It was a ground he planned to massively redevelop.
But unforeseen problems had followed, as did a lucrative offer for the land. Mears was on the verge of selling up and abandoning his sporting dream.

Colleague Frederick Parker, an enthusiastic supporter of the football stadium project attempted to dissuade him but on the fateful Sunday morning, Parker was told he was wasting his time.
As the two walked on, without warning Mears' dog bit Parker, drawing blood and causing great pain, but only an amused reaction from Parker.
"You took that bite damn well," Mears announced before telling his accomplice he would now trust his judgement over others. "Meet me here at nine tomorrow and we'll get busy," he said. Stamford Bridge was alive once more.
No that Chelsea FC was in the original plan. The finest sports stadium in London seemed a little out of place on the edge of well-heeled and arty Chelsea but as history shows, Mears had chosen well. The proximity to the vibrant centre of town made it perfect as a new venue for football.
Due to financial disagreement, nearby Fulham Football Club, already in existence declined an offer to abandon the less grand Craven Cottage and move in. So in contrast to the history of so many clubs, Mears decided to build a team for a stadium, rather than the other way round.

On March 10th 1905, a meeting convened opposite the stadium in a pub now called The Butcher's Hook. One item on the agenda was a name for the new club. Stamford Bridge FC, Kensington FC and intriguingly, London FC were all rejected. Chelsea FC was what it was to be - and the story had begun.
John Tait Robertson, a Scottish international was the first player/manager and a squad of respected players was signed, providing a league could be found to compete in.
The Southern League was the natural choice for our location but they were unwelcoming to these upstarts. Undaunted, Chelsea simply set our sights higher and went straight for the northern-dominated Football League.
On May 29th 1905, the Football League AGM dramatically elected us to the Second Division. Parker again proved persuasive as we became the first club ever to make the League without having kicked a ball.

IFAHAMU HISTORIA YA MUZIKI WA HIP HOP ILIPOANZIA HUKO MAREKANI

MAKALA IMEANDIKWA KWA KINGEREZA ILA NIRAHISI KUITAFSIRI KAMA UTAPENDA KUTAFSIRI.........songa nayo,....
The hip hop period is divided into two eras-the old school hip hop (1970-1985) and the golden age hip hop (1985-1993). The hip-hop style is actually very famous and popular in the USA. Hip hop involves rapping, break dancing and is also very popular because of the style of dressing. It is believed that hip hop originated in the Bronx by Kool Herc who was a Jamaican DJ. He was amongst the earliest to gain fame. In hip hop music, the singers individually vocalize over the beats. The old school hip hop artists always focused on introducing themselves and even the guests over the music. Later, this presentation got more varied and the approach was more rhythmic with rhyming lyrics from the African American culture.

Hip hop music has originated from the African American and the West African music. There was a lot of funk and soul music being played during the old school hip-hop era. The golden age hip hop era saw rappers such as Big Daddy Kane and Kool G Rap. The new school of hip hop culture also saw the duo Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince bag the first rap Grammy Award. This was the period that saw the emergence of new hip hop styles. For the first time in the history of hip hop, it was combined with rock, reggae and even techno music. Rap formed a major part of hip hop and also the dance and the clothing styles achieved prominence. The all female group, Salt ‘N’ Pepa tasted stupendous success with singles such as the ‘The Show Stoppa’. The interests in the rap music saw a steady rise and there were various messages that were incorporated in the hip hop music such as stories on crime, drugs and violence. The street language was passed on to the hip hop culture through rap music..         

The hip hop dance gained popularity as it offered a platform to express one’s creativity. Hip hop gave one a chance to dance freely without adhering to the rules that is required in ballroom and ja

style of dancing. Breakdance formed the base for hip hop dance. This appeared in the early 1960s in the New York City. The different styles of hip hop dance includes the harlem shake, snap dance, grinding, gangsta walking, soulja boy, krumping etc. Along with the dance, the hip hop style of dressing also gained popularity along the way. The hip hop look was never complete without baggy jeans, loose Tees, chunky jewelry and loads of bling. This is because, hip hop is not just about dance and music but is a culture in itself. The hip hop dance can never be complete without the right style of hip-hop clothing. Hip hop fashion has cut across all boundaries since the olden days. Today, apart from the loose attire, the women are known to sport fitting skirts with legging and layered tops with gold lockets to make a style statement
Gangsta rap saw success in the year 1986. This was mainly because of the very popular "6n’ Da Mornin'" by Ice T. This gangsta rap trend influenced more groups along the way such as Puff Daddy, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Dr. Dre and The Notorious B.I.G. etc.
Hip hop therefore has generations of fan following. We can see how hip hop music and the hip hop culture has evolved since the olden days. Many argue that the present style of hip hop may not always reflect the pure form. But despite all the disagreements, one cannot argue with the fact that the hip hop is immensely popular even till date... say steven m....
get rich of selfness....